The complexity of molecular pathways indicates that cellular networks greatly coordinate and interconnect. This, in turn, essentially means that the non-functioning of any specific component in the cell proliferation pathway could result in several anomalies that could manifest as different cancers.
New analysis from Frost & Sullivan (technicalinsights.frost.com), Advances in Apoptosis Research, finds that the apoptosis procedure is influenced by various pro- and antiapoptotic proteins, which, in turn, are controlled at multiple molecular levels. A thorough study of apoptosis mechanisms offers exciting insights into therapeutic strategies for combating life-threatening diseases.
There is rising academic interest in apoptosis due to biologists’ need to understand the mechanism of cell number regulation and, therefore, the maintenance of homeostasis in living systems. Proteins such as cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases are the central regulators of the cell cycle.
The over expression of inhibitory proteins in cancer cells suppresses the activation of the apoptotic pathway, which usually gets stimulated under abnormal situations. Because of this, scientists have developed counter remedies to inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) for key components in the cell cycle pathway. This could catalyze the creation of a natural cure for cancer without killing normal cells.
Scientists are also considering antisense therapy that targets IAPs and helps activate the apoptotic pathway. Although very little has been done toward its commercialization, research has demonstrated its tremendous potential in cancer therapy.
Current developments in cancer therapy base themselves on the deliberate and specific induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. New anti-cancer approaches focus on the therapeutic potential of physiological pro-apoptotic proteins such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and galectin-1.
“Many apoptosis-based drugs in development could help obtain exciting potent drugs to modulate/inhibit apoptosis through the use of the tools of structural biology and combinatorial chemistry,” notes Frost & Sullivan Technical Insights Research Analyst Prasanna Vadhana Kannan. “However, most of the molecules being designed as novel drugs are still in the pre-clinical state and the chief factors responsible for this condition are lack of specificity, low efficacy, and multiple drug resistance development.”
“The explosion of genetic information and the discovery of novel interactions in the cancer and neurodegenerative pathways have revealed that more than one gene and multitudes of proteins interact to cause a disease,” notes Subramanian. “However, the central challenge is to work out a scientifically and medically economic model that will enable clinicians to diagnose and treat these diseases at a much faster rate than currently possible.”
Advances in Apoptosis Research, a part of the Technical Insights subscription, provides a technology overview and outlook for the research and development of apoptosis-based drug development. The study covers the industrial sector (apoptosis-based drugs development) and medical sector (apoptosis-based therapeutic platform). Further, it includes detailed technology analysis and industry trends evaluated following extensive interviews with market participants. Interviews with the press are available.
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